Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Photon Energy (Planck-Einstein Relation)
Gives the energy of a single photon in terms of its frequency or wavelength.
Photon Emission Rate of a Source
Calculates the number of photons emitted per second by a light source of power P.
Work Function and Threshold Frequency
Relates the work function of a photosensitive surface to its threshold frequency and threshold wavelength.
Einstein's Photoelectric Equation
Gives the maximum kinetic energy of ejected photoelectrons for incident light of frequency nu.
Stopping Potential Relation
Relates the stopping potential V0 to the maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons.
de Broglie Wavelength of Matter Waves
Gives the de Broglie wavelength of a particle having linear momentum p and mass m moving at velocity v.
de Broglie Wavelength from Kinetic Energy
Gives the de Broglie wavelength of a non-relativistic particle of mass m in terms of its kinetic energy K.
de Broglie Wavelength of Accelerated Charge
Gives the de Broglie wavelength of a charged particle accelerated through potential V, including the standard formula for an electron.
Duane-Hunt Law (Cutoff Wavelength of X-rays)
Calculates the minimum cutoff wavelength of continuous X-rays produced by electrons accelerated through potential difference V.