Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Gives the total absolute pressure at a depth h below the free surface of a static liquid open to atmospheric pressure.

Relates forces and piston areas in a hydraulic lift based on the equal transmission of pressure in an enclosed fluid.

Gives the upward buoyant force exerted on a body partially or fully submerged in a fluid of density \rho_f.

Gives the fraction of a floating body's volume submerged in equilibrium as the ratio of body density to fluid density.

Expresses mass conservation for the steady, streamline flow of an incompressible fluid along a tube of varying cross section.

Expresses conservation of total mechanical energy per unit volume along a streamline for an ideal fluid.

Gives the exit speed of liquid emerging from a small hole located a depth h below the free surface of an open tank.

Gives the upward aerodynamic lift force produced across an area A due to a speed differential in fluid flow.

Gives the viscous shearing force between parallel fluid layers of area A having a velocity gradient dv/dx.

Gives the retarding viscous force on a small spherical body of radius r moving at speed v through a viscous fluid.

Gives the steady terminal velocity of a sphere of density \rho falling through a medium of density \sigma and viscosity \eta.

Gives the mechanical work required or potential energy change when increasing the free surface area of a liquid by \Delta A.

Gives the excess pressure inside a spherical liquid drop or an air bubble in a liquid having a single interface.

Gives the excess pressure inside a spherical soap bubble in air having two liquid-gas surfaces.

Gives the height of liquid rise or depression in a narrow capillary tube of radius r with contact angle \theta.