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Formulas/physics/Moving Charges/Lorentz Force — Magnitude

Lorentz Force — Magnitude

Scalar form where θ is the angle between v and B. Maximum when v ⊥ B; zero when v ∥ B.
Class 12
Derivation

Scalar Form

From F⃗=q(v⃗×B⃗)\vec{F} = q(\vec{v} \times \vec{B}), the magnitude:

F=qvBsin⁡θ\boxed{F = qvB\sin\theta}

where θ\theta is the angle between v⃗\vec{v} and B⃗\vec{B}.

Limiting Cases

θ\thetasin⁡θ\sin\thetaForce
0°0° (v ∥ B)00 — no deflection
90°90° (v ⊥ B)1qvBqvB — maximum
180°180°00 — no deflection

Units

[F]=N,[B]=NA⋅m=T (tesla)[F] = \text{N}, \quad [B] = \frac{\text{N}}{\text{A·m}} = \text{T (tesla)}

One tesla is the field that exerts 1 N on a 1 C charge moving at 1 m/s perpendicular to the field.