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Formulas/physics/Rotational Motion

Rotational Motion

Angular kinematics, moment of inertia, torque, angular momentum, rolling motion, and rotational energy.

Angular Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration
→ Derivation
Angular velocity is rate of change of angle. Angular acceleration is rate of change of angular velocity.
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Equations of Rotational Motion
→ Derivation
Rotational analogues of the three equations of motion. Valid for constant angular acceleration.
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Relation Between Linear and Angular Quantities
→ Derivation
Linear velocity, tangential acceleration, and centripetal acceleration in terms of angular quantities.
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Moment of Inertia — Definition
→ Derivation
Moment of inertia is the rotational analogue of mass. Measures resistance to angular acceleration.
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Parallel Axis Theorem
→ Derivation
MI about any axis equals MI about parallel axis through CM plus Md². d = distance between axes.
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Perpendicular Axis Theorem
→ Derivation
For a planar body: MI about axis perpendicular to plane equals sum of MIs about two perpendicular axes in the plane.
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Moment of Inertia of a Ring
→ Derivation
All mass at distance R from axis.
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Moment of Inertia of a Disc
→ Derivation
Uniform solid disc about its central axis.
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Moment of Inertia of a Rod
→ Derivation
Thin uniform rod about centre: ML²/12. About one end: ML²/3.
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Moment of Inertia of a Solid Sphere
→ Derivation
Uniform solid sphere about any diameter.
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Moment of Inertia of a Hollow Sphere
→ Derivation
Thin spherical shell about any diameter.
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Moment of Inertia of a Solid Cylinder
→ Derivation
Uniform solid cylinder about its symmetry axis. Same as disc.
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Moment of Inertia of a Hollow Cylinder
→ Derivation
Thin cylindrical shell about its symmetry axis. Same as ring.
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Moment of Inertia of a Rectangular Plate
→ Derivation
Uniform rectangular plate of sides a and b about central perpendicular axis.
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Torque is the rotational analogue of force. It is the moment of force about an axis.
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Newton's Second Law for Rotation
→ Derivation
Net torque equals moment of inertia times angular acceleration. Rotational analogue of F = ma.
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Angular Momentum
→ Derivation
Angular momentum of a particle or rigid body. Rotational analogue of linear momentum.
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Conservation of Angular Momentum
→ Derivation
Angular momentum is conserved when no net external torque acts on the system.
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Torque as Rate of Change of Angular Momentum
→ Derivation
Net torque equals rate of change of angular momentum. Rotational analogue of F = dp/dt.
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Rotational Kinetic Energy
→ Derivation
Kinetic energy of a rotating body. Rotational analogue of ½mv².
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Total KE of a Rolling Body
→ Derivation
Sum of translational and rotational KE. k = radius of gyration.
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Condition for Pure Rolling
→ Derivation
For a body rolling without slipping, contact point has zero velocity relative to ground.
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Acceleration of Rolling Body on Incline
→ Derivation
Acceleration of a body rolling without slipping down an incline of angle θ. k = radius of gyration.
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Velocity of Rolling Body at Bottom of Incline
→ Derivation
Speed at the bottom of an incline of height h for a body rolling from rest.
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Work Done by Torque
→ Derivation
Work done by a torque through angular displacement θ. Rotational analogue of W = Fd.
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Power in Rotation
→ Derivation
Power delivered by a torque at angular velocity ω. Rotational analogue of P = Fv.
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